Morse's Electro-magnetic Telegraph

The complete success which haa attended the working of this Telegraph. now in operation be tween Washington and Baltimoro, had attractec public attention to ir, even in ihis bustling city and led 10 many inquiriee as to the method b} which 8uch wonerful resulta are ach ie ved. It was fortúnate both for the inventor and the inrention, that the communication was completed between Washington and Baliimore prior 10 the meeting of the Democratie National Conventiüii, (ihe procesding3 of which were awaited with so much interest,) because an opportunity w.ns thereby aíTorded to test tbe practicabihty and usefulness of tho inventor, in the most effectual nianner. By means of this Telegraph, every new movement of the Convention was made known at Washington almos: simultaneous!y with its occurrence; while with the same rapidity, the prjcecdings of Congress were made known at Baltimore, The Washington Spectator of Wedncsdny snid:"The lucomotive, with the mail, cama thundering along last night with the intelligence up to 5 o'clock. which liad been received here by the ligktning expresa two hours and a half previously."In fact, by the clectro-mngnelic Telegrnph. Railroad speed is rendered comparaiively enail Üke. Were this Telegraph extenued from Port land to New Orleans, intclligence could bctransmitted ihe whole distance in a space of time as short as is required to transmit it frorn Washington to Baltimore; or at least, the difisrence would not be perceptible. It is eafy to see that 8uch a Telegraph would be of great tmportance in case of war. If n hostile fleei should make its nppearanco off Portland, the fact could be madeknown at New Orleana, oroíany intermedíate station, in three minutes. Moreover thitTelegraph can be worked with tbe same facility and effect by nightaa by day, - in stormy weather as in sunshine, - which is not the case with the telegraphs heretofore in' use, The latter ako are worked but slowly, and at every station the procesa must be repeated. Not so with Morse'? Telegraph. Supposing the communication tobe complete, a single touch of the wire would gend the intelligence around tho globe. At least this 8 probable, for Prof. Morse's e.xperiments show that although the power oí the magnetdiminishes for the first ten miles, there is no perceptible diminuiion aflericards, within the limita to which the experiment has been extended [beyond the JOth mile] viz. 33 miles. From the lOth to he 33d mile inclusive, the weight sustained by !he magnet was a constant quantity. And the presumption is, that the same law holde good for my greeter distance. The scientific facts on which Professor Morse's invention resrt. are thnsstated by a committéB, of Congress: That a currcnt ot electricity will past to any distance along a conductor connecün the two poles of a vohaic battery or generator of elcc triciiy, and produce visible eflècts at any desired points on that conductor. Second. Tliat mognetism is produced in a piece of soft iron (around which tho conductor, n i(8 progrera. is made to pass) when the electric current s permitted to fl xv, and that the magnetism cease when the current of electricity is produced and destroyed by break ing and clos ing ihe galvanic circuit at the pleasure of thi operator of the telegraph, who in this manner di recti and controla the operalion of a simple and compact piece of mechanisrr, siyled.tbe register, which at the will of the operator at the poinl ol communication, ie made to record, at the poini of reception, lpgible characters, on a roil of pape; put in motinnat the same timewith the writing Instrument. These chaiocters, consisting oí dots and horizontal Unes, the inventor has arranged into a conventional alphabct, as followe:The machine whích produces these characters, (cAlled ihe register,; is moved by a weight like a clock, the slip of paper being wound about o cylinder, and carried under the 8tyle by the ope ration of the machinery. To the style or pen which makes the morks, is ftttached a piece of iron, resiingjast above a mas of soft iron, which last is instnntly rendered a magnet by the trans misp-ion of theeleotriccarrent. This curren: istrnnsmitted by nieans of protected wires. supported at suitable ilistances and nt a proper elevation. by posts and span. Suppose the operator to be at Washington, and that he wishes to transmit inlelligehce to Baltimore. He has befare hini tlio two extremities of the wircs, and the tneans of sendircg along a current of the electric fluid. The instant he brings thcm together. the soft iron masa in Bahhnore becoines a'magnet - the ron above it ie drawn towards it: and the -ityleto which it 8 attached. is presaed pon the paper; and this, being carried forward by the machinery which is at the sanie instant by another magnet set in motion, receives the impression. - As soon as the two wires are separa'.ed, the sofi iron is no longera tnagnet - the iron above is no longer attracted, and the pen no longer resis upon the paper. By bringing the wires in contact nnd inotantiy separaiing thcm, a dot is made; by kecping them in contact for a little time, adask; and by the conbination of these two. all the worde in the longuage, and all the numeráis, may be written and read. By menns of thia telegrnph, 12 to 20 characters i. e. (in effect,) letters of thealphabet, can be transmitted in a minute; or a3 fast as printer could set up the types. So if the communication were complete from Washington to New Orleans, the President'e message, if not unreaíonably long, might be read entire in the latter city m 24 hour8 after it was delivered, and portions of t in muchlefls time.