From The War

Jalaía. - A correspondent of the N. O. Delta, writës from Jalftpa, Mexico, May lst: Yesterday there was quite án emente between a party of volunteers and sorne Mexicans near camp, in which several persons were more or less injured. This I presume is only a beginning ; and the scènes so frequent at Monterey and Matamoros, bid fair to commence here, if not nipped in their bud. The General Hospital, in Jalapa, contains over 200 sick and vïounded, many of whóm are beyond the hope of recovery. Seven dealhs have taken place since Wednesday. May 11A. - The General Hospital iá filled with the wounded and sick, many of whom aie dying daily. The South Carolina regiment has the largest nvimber- 155- the New-Yorkcrs bcing next. There were 56 discharged yesterday as 'unfit for duiy,' thirty of whom belongod to the 5th Infuntry. Portions of the Massachusctts regiment Ifitioned at Matamoros, have lately been ■exercising some of the "largest liberty" notion, with which they were imbued before lenving Boston. The Matamoros Flag has a long avticle concerning the itrife, that had arisen between ilie primales and the ofRcers, in regard to the liberty of the former in drinking l'quor. The offieers attempted to imbose a sort of 1 cense law, but the rivales rebelled ogainst it as an infringment of their natural and co-oidiaate riglits, nlleging that the officers did notfollow the rules, which ihey would impose on others. One of the regiment, writing to the Boston Bee.chronicles the following proceedings, which will give some idea of the state of things with this ''model regiment," as it has been called in numerous quartws since itsnrrival in Mexico: Major Abbott, by sundry acts, has made tvmself odious nmong the Ameri■cans in this place. They hoot him whenever he passes them, and last night ihéy vent so ïar as to hang him in effigy. - He had th ree 'prívales whipped last Saturdnv an act which they do not admire in an American officer. 'Caot. Ashley has tenJorod hU resignation as commander of company O. He was placed uïider arrest by the Mnjor, for refusing to close all the tartrns nnd public houses, when officer of llie day. - Ttve order came from Col. Devanpoi't, and he urged that he had no right to fcarry it out unless it w;is placed in hls hands. A volunteer bclonging to Compohy tí-, slabbed a citizen with his bayonet yos'rerday nt nnon, because he refusted to sell him a glas of fcliiskey. He is ín the guard-house waiting trial. Captain Mayes, the individual referred to, ns liaving been stnbbed, has n'ied of bis WoUnds. Col. Donipban's boys are in ti bad plight. One of them writes: - 11 Wé tire a set ofpoor foigotten fellows- have nó ordcis Frowi the government, and do just what strikes ús ns ihe hiost practical. Our troops look worsc ihan the Goths and Vandals, When they marched upön Rome. No wonder - they have not as yet reccived a cent of money for their pay. Our horscs are in a very poor condition." We take the following extract frorn a letler published in the O. S. Journal, from an officer in the army of Scotl,from Oh o: "Thisis a Tery remarkablé counlry-I had no just conception, lili I catne hcre, bf the effect of elevation Upon temperature. Ín tierra caliente, which cxtends from the const at Vera Cruz, to Cerro Gordo, and rriakes the sickly región, the heat was most öppressing and hardlyondürable evnn in March and eárly April. At jalapa the törriperattire is delicious - but at Las Vigas, on the ridge this side of Jalapa and here, at on elevation of 8 to 0,000 fect, we almost perish with cold for which oür systems are utlfitted by the heat of tierra caliente. Thercartí no fire places, and I have only been cortirortably warm, since my arrival here, when in bed, covered by four blankels and a cloak. Nature has done more perhnps, to make Jalapa inviting as the habitaiion of man, than at any otherspot on this continent. The climate is delicious, the water pure - the fruits andgrair.s of the températe zone and the productions of the trop;cs are found in juxta posltion within six hours ride of eternalsnow! The peak of Orizaba we saw at sea,perhaps a hundred miles distant. This snow-clad mountain seemsbut a step from Jalapa, though in fact some 50 miles. The view of it from Jalapa, looking across the lovely and fruitful valley, is as fine as can be imagined. Here atPerote, besides the Orizaba, we have two other snow-mountains in view - the Popocatapetl and the Ñauada, which has anoiher unpronouncablp, Indian name. These are at least 100 miles distant towards Mexico, off the road. These snow mountains, shining brightly in the horizon, have a singular effect, and present the only snow "I havéseen since I leftour old county. We are now on this great plain - the tablo land of Mexico - of an equable but low temperature, abundant in the prociuction ofgrain and cattle, but we find no fruit - I am told we shall find a highcr and niore ngreablè temperalure at Puebla, and plenty of fruit." SaKta Fe. - some Yolunteers.discharged from Santa Fe,on account of ill healtli, arrived nt St. Louis on the 29th inst.- From them it appears Col. Price was in command nt Santa Fe, wliich hns proved the gravc-yard for many yourg and gallant men. They state 'that near'.y four hundied persons were buried there, and in the company commanded by Capt. Horine, of Ste. Genevieve, eleven deaths had taken place. Thirteen otliers were discharged from the same company on account of ill-health. One hundred had boen discharged from Col. Piice's regiment on the same account. 'The winter at Santa Fe lus been excessively sevei-pjand great duiation. - Á man by the name of Hicks was killed fit a fandango in Santa Fe, shortly before the Jast of the company left. ('f the number of volunteers at Santa Fe, very few will enroll themsèlves for n new term of service. M.KIXG AND HaNGIXG ClTIZKNS. It is reportad that 6 Mexicans citizens of New Mexico have been tried for treason, found guilly ahd lmng by oüf military authorities in possessiorii Wë have an acl of Congress which interdicts tlië mnking citizens of the peoplë pf countries witli whicli we are at war. Our Cons;itution gives lo Congress the sole power to naturalice forpigners. But General Kearney and his subordinates made citizens of Mexico take the oath of allegienceto our government and when those citizens rose in arms against our military force, they are tried and hung for treason! Such is a report that bears too much evidence of being true. - Toledo Blade. In correcting some statement resnecting the baitle of Cerro Go.-do, a letter writer says, - "Col. Ilenry, who is rppiesented as having taken a certain six-gun battery, wns some miles distant nt the linie of its capture, and the batlery was taken by the volunieers under Col. Baker. Tlie loss of this regiment was remarkably severe, as uu! of eleven o(Iicers,tlireo were killed, two wounded, and one missing, and one thirdofthe lank and file placed lurs du combat. In a conversnlion with Col. Bnker liimself, 1 am informed ihat lie tak es home less Ihan one hel f of the Iroops hroughtby him from the United States. The liodies of 'the nther half cnrich the soil of Mexico, and their memorj' the military charactër of their countiy." Mnny of the soldiery, their term of ónlistment havingexpired, have reacheJ New Orleans on their return to their homes, and the Delta draws a Tery striking contrast in thte situation ofavolunteer going lo the seat of war, and the volunlcer returning from it. Afterdilalmg upon the former in no rneasurci strains, Ihat papor lifisthe veil and presënts the oth'er sidö of the pictuiD, as follows: - "Behold him on his return. Ilis complexion is faded, lus cheeks are sunken, and his wliole appearance changed. His muscular limbs are shrivelled up, and his oncé firm gait is now slow and totlering, iïe hasbesnio the batí Ie field - surviveil the terrible chances of war - and, sick and almost Iricndless, returns again to New Orleans. The sight of volunteers has becotne so cornmon, that no one bestows n look on him, and lic slinks avvay inlo some durk ütreet lo hide his ïags an 1 wretchedness." A letlör frorn Mexico, in the Journal of CommërcPj suys that General Scott has taken tins guerilla business in hand, "and by liïs order, every ïnürder ihat the Mcxicans mny commit, takes $300 out of the nearest alc;i!d's pocket. " Gen. Scott, at the last accounts, was marching on the City of Mexico, anta Arina is now between himarid ihe city, with 10,000 men. Should a battle be fought, it wil] probably be at Rio Frió. The N O. Delta, speaking ofthis pass, says: ' This ia onë of the most dnngorous and difllelt passes Vliich our army will have to rnake. The road, for some distance bevond Muebla, is excellent, but nearCordova it reaches the mountain,and passes through deep, narrow detiles, and over steep and rugged heights: The country is wild looking, lliinly wooded with oaks and pines, nnd rendeied very rough and uneven by rocks of lava and pcrphyry. Near Tesmelucos, n little village or hacienda, the road begins to wind along the side of the mountain, in many places being cut through solid rock. Here the road is commanded by the heigiits of Popocatapetl, which, if occupied by a strong battery, would render the passage of an army over this steep, rugged, and exposed ascent, a task of very great danger and dirticulty. But, even when the heights are passed, tlie penis and obstacles of the position are not entirely surrnounted; for the road descends into a deep, nftrrow dell, whore a small and brave forcé might opérate with great effect upon a large army accompanied by long trains and parks of artillery. This dell s traversed by the Rio Frió, (Cold River,) where our brave soldicrs may assuage their thirst af:er the Inbors of thisdifficult passage. The Rio Frió is the only point on the road, between Puebla and Mexico, whicli is like]y to give our árm'y any trouble. It is midwny between the two ciiiès; when it is pnssed, the rond lo the capital issmooth and delightful, well watered and well shnded. In some places it passes for miles between parallel canals and rows of Lomba rtly poplars. ':lf Santa Anna maltes his stand at Rio Frió with an adequate arlillery foice and completo balterics, our army will have to fight, pcrha;is tlic most teriouai bloody and destructive batlle vhicli has yet been fought. There will be no want of men in th ïs thickly settled part of the country to back Santa Anna in ihi's last stand whAch the Mexicans will have an opportumty of making. Tliere will besome difficulty, however, in anning all wlio may pie.-enl thcmselve, and in furnisliingthe works iih good can non: Rut we presme that the commissioners appointeci in Mexico, wilh .Aimonto at their hcad, to superiniend the defonces of the Capital, have probably selectcd the Rio Frió as the only available point of defence agiinsi dn armv npproaching ihe capital, and hsve probably removed thiiher the cannon intended fu r the defence of the city. Thö' account of another liaUle, therefore,may beexpected in a few days. Of the resul t we have no fears - our only appreliènsion is, lhnt another glorious victory will bepurchased at a great sacrifice of valüable livcs." Gen. Scoit's forces numberoniy about 5000 effeclive men. The accounts f rom Mexico continue to be extremely conílicting. The last Report, that by ihe British Courièr, is to ilie eíTect that Santa Anna was elected President on the 15th of May but that he declined tiie office. Herrera was the next highes! candidate. fho next eltiction was fixed for the 15th June. General Bravo has resigned hid command. SICKNËSS IN THE ARMY. At Jalapa 800 of our troops were sicl; nnd unfit for service. At Vera Cruz 1300 men vöre sick and 50 dieion the lst June. The prevailing diseases were the vomito, small pox, diarrhce-i, fever, dysentery, &c.